The answer is one. Lifetimes are relative. In the forest every living individual is destined to be born and die within its own “life time”. Yet, the forest itself carries on. The forest doesn’t really have a lifetime. Without any catastrophic disturbances a forest just continues growing, developing, and evolving. Every individual organism in it will eventually die and be…

Of all the forest denizens, fungi may be the most misunderstood. Many people wrinkle their noses at the thought of them. People see mold on bread or infections on skin. Yet, they are indispensable partners that have quietly sustained the forest for centuries. “Over 90% of plants are dependent on Mycorrhizal symbiosis between plants and fungi and this process also…

Most people today have very little appreciation of the massive destruction that once ravaged this little forest. Hundreds of trees were cut down, stones were dug up and piled in lines, and millions, no billions – wait make that – trillions of other living things were instantly killed, starved, or disrupted. They were replaced by flocks of sheep. The farmer…